This process occurs in four stages: preparatory, transport, pharyngeal, and esophageal stages ( 1). Normal deglutition, as the first phase of digestion, is one of the most complicated neuromuscular processes of the central nervous system that allows the easy and safe transfer of foods and liquids from the mouth to the stomach. BackgroundĪdequate nutrition is an essential determinant of health in the elderly. Our research has indicated that swallowing rehabilitative exercises are more effective in improving clinical swallowing function in elderly persons than compensatory exercises.ĭysphagia Elderly Speech Therapy 1. Statistical analysis of data was done by the use of parametric statistical tests such as independent t-test, paired sample t-test, and nonparametric tests such as Mann-Whitney test, and P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. In order to evaluate the outcomes, the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA) and the P-Dysphagia Handicap Index (P-DHI) were administered. Rehabilitative exercises, including muscle strengthening exercises, were used in 3 sets of 10 per muscle group and three times per week for one month for the rehabilitative exercise group. Randomization was undertaken using a block randomization technique. Inclusion criteria in this study were as follows: age 60 - 80 the presence of swallowing problems assessed clinically by a speech therapist no history of swallowing treatment, pneumonia or head and neck surgery, and other neurological or general disorders that can influence swallowing function. A total of forty healthy elders were randomly assigned to the rehabilitative exercises group (n = 20) and the compensatory group (n = 20).
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